This page is dedicated to definitions and interesting things worth specific mention!
Implicit Race Attitude Test and Site:
www.yale.edu/implicit/
Father,
Mother, and
Me, Sister, and
All the people like
us
are We, and every
one else is They.
And They live over
the
sea, While We live
over the way.
But - would you
believe it? - They
look upon We
As only a sort of
They!
A Poem by Rudyard Kipling (1926) found in Introduction to Social Psychology by
David G Meyers
.
"we create cognitive simplifications (stereotypes) to guide
how we perceive others and how
we process social information."
Lippman,W. (1992). Public opinion. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich
"Anthropologists believe that during
the late Pleistocene epoch (from about 40,000 to 11,000 years ago), the first
human races evolved on the Eurasian and African
landmasses. At that time, most of Eurasia was too cold for human habitation, but in
the habitable areas, five different racial groups developed: Congoid, Capoid,
Caucasoid, Mongoloid, and Australoid"
Compton's Encyclopedia Online
Merriam Webster Dictionary: AOL keyword: dictionary,
Stereotypes.
Stereotype [2] (noun) [French stereotype, from stere- stere- + type]
First appeared in1817:
1 : a plate cast
from a printing surface
2 : something
conforming to a fixed or general pattern; especially : a standardized mental picture that
is held in common by members of a group and that represents an oversimplified
opinion, prejudiced attitude, or uncritical judgment
ste*reo*type [1] (verb transitive)
First appeared 1804
1 : to make a
stereotype from
2 a : to repeat
without variation : make hackneyed
b : to
develop a mental stereotype about
.
"If we forsee evil in our fellow man, we tend to provoke it,
if good we elicit it."
Gordon Allport, The nature of Prejudice (1958)
Definitions
Counter-stereotype: a trait or a view that goes against the common stereotype of a group.
Contact hypothesis: by increasing contact between members of different groups, a reduction of stereotypes and prejudice of the out-groups is expected.
In-group: “us”; a group of people who share a sense of belonging, a feeling of common identity.
Out-group: “them”; a group that people perceive as distinctively different from or apart from the in-group.
Out-group Homogeneity Effect: perception of out-group members as more similar to one another than are in-group members, (ex. “They are all alike, we are diverse”).
Priming: presenting certain stimuli that activate other concepts relating to that stimuli.
Self-fullfilling Prophesy: a self-confirming apprehension that one's behavior will verify a negative stereotype.
Stereotype Threat: the risk of confirming a negative stereotype about one’s group as self characteristic
Ultimate Attribution Error: negative out-group behaviors are
attributed to personality characteristics while positive behaviors of out-group
members are ignore or explained away.
This tutorial was produced for Psy 324, Advanced Social Psychology, Spring
2000 at Miami University. All graphics are from the public domain, used with
permission, or were created by the authors. Social Psychology / Miami University (Ohio USA).
Last revised: . This document has been accessed times since 1 May 2000. Comments & Questions to R. Sherman